Extracurricular Activities And Academic Success

Extracurricular Activities And Academic Success This exploration proposition is intended to decide whether there is a relationship between's extracurricular exercises and scholarly achievement in school. It is guessed that there is an exceptionally solid positive relationship between's inclusion in extracurricular exercises and scholarly achievement. School areas are stressed that they are planning a lot of cash for programs that don't legitimately impact scholastics. This examination is significant so school areas will realize where to enough put cash inside their schools with the goal that all individuals will profit as well as could be expected. Exercises and Academics 3 Is there a Correlation Between Extracurricular Activities and Academic Success in College? The reason for this examination is to quantify the relationship between's an understudies inclusion in extracurricular exercises (for example sports, band, show, cheerleading, etc) and their evaluations contrasted with understudies who are not associated with any extracurricular exercises. The principle banter this affiliation conveys is whether extracurricular exercises are really valuable or on the off chance that they simply power understudies to keep their scholastics up due to qualification. Rachel Hollrah did an examination in which she discovered that extracurricular exercises help understudies to get better evaluations by training them character building exercises, showing them deep rooted abilities, sparing some in danger understudies who might conceivably drop out of school, and helping understudies create social aptitudes. (Hollrah) All of these things are exceptionally crucial to a people life and having the option to work in reality. One must have training to have the op tion to find a decent line of work and bring in the cash that is expected to help oneself or even a family. Be that as it may, as significant as training, one additionally needs social aptitudes and an extremely solid feeling of character, ethics, and morals. Without these things, one can rapidly and effectively lose feeling of them and become somebody they never were or needed to be. One primary concern that has been related with achievement when all is said in done is confidence. At the point when an individual succeeds, they generally naturally start to feel Exercises and Academics 4 better about their undertakings and about themselves as an individual. Diana Grafford from the Department of Psychology at Missouri Western State University feels unequivocally about confidence related with ones achievement. Confidence is influenced by ones execution on the stage, on the football field, or by playing an instrument. A people trust in their capacity to contend, perform, or agreeably complete an undertaking can have a constructive or pessimistic impact, contingent upon the understanding of achievement. (Grafford) Most people will start to see themselves in a superior light when they succeed and their confidence will start to increment. This, at that point, will begin to extend into more pieces of their life and help them to prevail in numerous different things as opposed to only one segment. A few people, conversely, see accomplishment in various ways and may not rest easy thinking about themselves however start to feel more awful. Some vibe like they must be at the top in all that they do or they are not effective by any stretch of the imagination. It all equitable relies upon the specific individual. Kimiko Fujita led an examination in which he estimated the relationship between's scholastic achievement and extracurricular exercises. All out extracurricular movement interest (TEAP), or cooperation in extracurricular exercises as a rule, is related with an improved evaluation point normal, higher instructive desires, expanded school participation, and diminished truancy. (Fujita) He likewise found that investment in certain exercises improves accomplishment, Exercises and Academics 5 while investment in others decreases accomplishment. (Fujita) The explanation behind the positive or negative change is diverse with every person and it all fair relies upon every people objectives, character, assurance, and ready to fill in as hard as possible to be fruitful. One significant discussion is whether universities take a gander at something other than evaluations and GPA when thinking about tolerating somebody into school. Many individuals feel that an understudies inclusion in extracurricular exercises ought to likewise be viewed as while tolerating understudies and passing out grants. Rank in class (RIC) in an investigation done by George Mason University (Podhajasky, 1997), was resolved to be a solid indicator of accomplishment in school, yet understudy condition was found to have an influence in the possible maintenance to graduation. It was discovered that understudies who got associated with extracurricular exercises while in school improved their school understanding and expanded their future achievement. (Neal). Most exploration that I did had no accentuation on the contrast between the contribution and the scholarly accomplishment between dark understudies and white understudies. One examination was done where they tried to check whether there was any distinction whatsoever. The connection between cooperation in extracurricular exercises and scholarly accomplishment was analyzed. Dark eighth graders and white eighth graders finished accomplishment tests and depicted school and nonschool exercises. Measure of support was decidedly identified with scholastic Exercises and Academics 6 accomplishment. The relationship was more grounded for white understudies by and large, and for school-related exercises for the two gatherings. (Gerber) One examination demonstrated that not exclusively did extracurricular exercises assist understudies with remaining concentrated on scholastics however it additionally helped them to create time the board aptitudes that were vital for later on throughout everyday life. This investigation demonstrated that the understudy is learns early how to shuffle different assignments every day will be increasingly arranged for grown-up life. These time the executives abilities that are procured keep the understudies sorted out and progressively ready to complete everything inside given time requirements. This capacity, to sort out time, is likewise exceptionally helpful further down the road. At the point when understudies are finished with school, they will be relied upon to shuffle an occupation, a family, and numerous different things that require fruitful time the board aptitudes. Along these lines, being associated with exercises brings better evaluations, however it additionally advances a simpler change into grown-up life. (Solinger) In the greater part of the examination I directed, there was an unmistakable accord that there is a positive connection between's extracurricular exercises and scholastic achievement. Generally understudies who remain included and dynamic have more inspiration to hold their scholastics to an elevated expectation for some reasons. A portion of these reasons incorporate qualification, more opportunity to commit to extracurricular exercises, and both high scholastics and extracurricular exercises look great when attempting to find a new line of work. There were a few sources that indicated no relationship between's extracurricular exercises and scholastic achievement yet none that demonstrated a negative Exercises and Academics 7 connection. The exploration that I directed, generally, appeared to follow my suspicions. I have consistently accept that being included and dynamic unquestionably assists with scholastic achievement and encourages understudies endeavor to do all the better they can do with regards to scholastics. Does ones investment in extracurricular exercises (for example band, games, cheerleading, show, etc) have any impact on the understudies scholarly achievement? What might occur if an understudy who had been engaged with extracurricular exercises out of nowhere were definitely not? Would additional time dedicated to homework due to no extracurricular exercises be something beneficial for an understudies scholastics? In this examination, the free factor will be ones interest in extracurricular exercises. The reliant variable we will name as an understudies scholarly achievement. It is theorized that there will be an extremely solid and positive relationship between's extracurricular exercises and scholastic achievement. Strategy The analyst intends to gauge the connection between's extracurricular exercises and scholarly accomplishment by utilizing a poll. The survey will be distributed to an equivalent number of people associated with band, cheerleading, football, baseball, b-ball, greek associations, and dramatization. The survey will likewise be given to a similar measure of understudies who are not associated with something besides classes. Exercises and Academics 8 Examination The analyst will utilize the relationship condition to dissect the information taken from the poll.

How to Get a Recommendation Letter for Graduate School

Step by step instructions to Get a Recommendation Letter for Graduate School The letter of suggestion is the piece of the doctoral level college application that understudies pressure generally finished. Similarly as with all components of the application procedure, your initial step is to be certain that you comprehend what you’re requesting. Find out about letters of suggestion early, a long time before the time has come to apply to graduate school. What Is a Recommendation Letter? A letter of suggestion is a letter composed for your benefit, commonly from a student employee, that suggests you as a decent contender for graduate investigation. Every alumni entrance advisory boards necessitate that letters of suggestion go with students’ applications. Most require three. How would you do about getting a letter of proposal, explicitly a decent letter of suggestion? Prep Work: Develop Relationships with Faculty Start pondering letters of proposal when you think youd like to apply to graduate school since building up the connections that are the establishment of good letters requires some investment. Believe it or not, the best understudies look to become more acquainted with teachers and get included whether or not they are keen on graduate investigation basically in light of the fact that its a decent learning experience. Likewise, graduates will consistently require suggestions for occupations, regardless of whether they dont go to graduate school. Look for encounters that will assist you with creating associations with workforce that will get you phenomenal letters and assist you with finding out about your field. Pick Faculty to Write on Your Behalf Cautiously pick your letter scholars, remembering that entrance advisory boards look for letters from explicit sorts of professionals. Learn about what characteristics to search for in arbitrators and dont fret if youre a nontraditional understudy or one who looks for passage to graduate school quite a while in the wake of moving on from school. Instructions to Ask Request letters properly. Be conscious and recollect what not to do. Your teacher doesn't need to keep in touch with you a letter, so don't request one. Show regard for your letter scholars time by furnishing the person in question with a lot of notification ahead of time. At any rate a month is ideal (more is better). Under about fourteen days is inadmissible (and might be met with a No). Give officials the information they have to compose a heavenly letter, including data about the projects, your inclinations, and objectives. Forgo Your Rights to See the Letter Most suggestion structures incorporate a case to check and sign to demonstrate whether you postpone or hold your privileges to see the letter. Continuously postpone your privileges. Numerous officials won't compose a non-private letter. Likewise, entrance advisory boards will give letters more weight when they are secret under the suspicion that personnel will be progressively genuine when the understudy can't peruse the letter. Its OK to Follow-Up Teachers are occupied. There are numerous classes, numerous understudies, numerous gatherings, and numerous letters. Check in up to 14 days before its because of check whether the proposal has been sent or in the event that they need whatever else from you. Development yet don’t make a bug out of yourself. Check with the graduate program and contact the prof again on the off chance that it hasnt been gotten. Give arbitrators loads of time yet in addition check in. Be cordial and dont bother. A short time later Thank your refs. Composing a letter of proposal takes cautious idea and difficult work. Show that you value it with a card to say thanks. Likewise, report back to your arbitrators. Enlighten them regarding the status of your application and unquestionably reveal to them when you are acknowledged to graduate school. Theyll need to know, trust me!

Dalcroze

Jaques-Dalcroze Emile Jaques-Dalcroze (July 6, 1865 †July 1, 1950), was a Swiss author, artist and music teacher who created eurhythmics, a technique for learning and encountering music through development. Essential PRINCIPLES Inherent in his strategy are these fundamental standards &endash; facts he accepted to be ubiquitous. These six standards are: †¢The start of music happens when human feelings are converted into melodic movement; †¢We experience feelings genuinely; Through our impressions of different solid constrictions and discharges in our bodies, we sense feeling; †¢The body communicates inward feelings by externalizing influence through developments, stances, motions, and sounds. A portion of these are programmed, some unconstrained, and others the consequences of thought and will; †¢Internal feelings are converted into music through movements, for example, breathing, singing or playing an instrument; †¢The first instrument that must be p repared in music is the human body. THE JAQUES-DALCROZE METHOD Choksy (1986) characterizes Eurhythmics as follows: â€Å"Eurhythmics . . is . . . in view of the reason that beat is the essential component of music, and that the hotspot for all musicality might be found in the characteristic rhythms of the body. † Eurhythmics coordinates three methodologies: †¢ Solfege (the investigation of hypothesis, amicability, and scales); http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=9qK6seVVBQ0 †¢ Improvisation (the advancement of a brought together inside ear and body); †¢ Rhythmics (the investigation of inward and external impacts of mood according to the over two components). Further, Jaques-Dalcroze built up an equation for the creation of Eurhythmia:Space + Time + Energy + Weight + Balance + Plasticity = Eurhythmia? Gravity The best music happens when the entirety of the above are adjusted. The Jaques-Dalcroze strategy apparently rethinks the essential components of music to fit inside logical definitions. All things are comprised of issue. Matter is involved vitality. Matter courses through space; vitality moves through space. Matter (vitality) moving through space is called movement. Movement shows up in music as beats. Those beats discharge their vitality in different ways.The beat hence is reliant upon the degree of vitality applied and the thickness of the space applied. Beats have a predefined term, or time esteem. The nature of the time is needy upon how the beat is struck, supported and discharged. Jaques-Dalcroze found that his understudies related dynamic (vitality) changed with rhythm (time) transforms, I. e. , gentler implied more slow moreover. This anyway isn't the situation. One objective of the strategy is to pick up freedom of time and vitality as identified with change so understudies could to be sure play a melodic determination milder without getting slower.Beats have weight. Science characterizes weight as a body's fascination in the e arth (which is identified with gravity). At the point when one watches a decent conductor before a troupe, one can detect weight in his every stroke and example. Weight can likewise be seen in a line of music. A performance line would have less weight than that of an eight section chorale. In like manner, the expansion of low-sounding instruments in an arrangement gives a more noteworthy feeling of weight. Note length can likewise de characteristic of weight (in appearance). Equalization can be accomplished just when weight is kept in control.Balance is an imperative component of mood. (Caldwell,1995) a definitive objective of the Jaques-Dalcroze strategy is to accomplish a harmony between all the components that contain the beat; space, vitality, versatility, and weight. It is difficult to isolate the components, along these lines the strategy centers around singular components of the beat. Jaques-Dalcroze characterizes versatility as the nature of the development between the pitch es. This is the thing that makes the exhibition alive and dynamic and is generally mindful what the crowd sees and hears.I consider versatility that signal, articulation or picture that the entertainer passes on alongside different components of the beat. As referenced before a definitive objective of the Jaques-Dalcroze technique is extemporization: the formation of unique sound. As indicated by Jaques-Dalcroze strategy, act of spontaneity consolidates the accompanying: †¢ Use of all resources †¢ Exploration of development with our bodies; †¢ Imagination and innovativeness; †¢ Consciousness of existence around us; †¢ Flexibility and spryness; †¢ Motor coordination; †¢ Expression through utilization of the body and sound; Careful and basic tuning in; †¢ Concentration and mindfulness; and †¢ Flexibility. The investigation of the Jaques-Dalcroze strategy requires the most extreme in consideration, focus, memory, and capacity to recreate. It is a taught investigation. The job of the teacher hence becomes one who centers the vitality natural in understudies and moves that vitality into the creation of eurhythmia. THE CLASSROOM SETTING In my encounters it is obvious that it is hard to prepare anybody viably in the Jaques-Dalcroze technique except if it was started at an early age.Dalcroze himself prescribed â€Å"to carry youngsters to workmanship at an age when they have not yet been intellectualized into investigating before watching, and communicating before encountering. † (Dalcroze,1922) to put it plainly, the technique would need to be instructed during the period of honesty. The hypothesis would likewise must be continually fortified all through life, even in school. The technique has clear legitimacy in the primary school, since it includes development. Youngsters learn best while moving, feeling, contacting, detecting, and seeing things close within reach. The Jaques-Dalcroze strategy accomplishes only th at. http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=n5DdjXZkPfg

Lies Youve Been Told About Pork Consumption Essay Topics

Lies You've Been Told About Pork Consumption Essay Topics For instance, a feeder pig producer is assessed while the pig is sold for the very first time. But since the maps below illustrate for an assortment of countries and regions around the Earth, consumption won't change equally across all kinds of livestock. The moral value is a universal price, which can be seen in all species and it's the exact same in all species. Look out for misleading labels. What You Don't Know About Pork Consumption Essay Topics Continuing on to answering the popular question for what country eats the most pork per person, we referred to the site that is about pork and contains all of the info you would ever have to know about this sort of meat. If you believe you can just elect for a greater quality pork product, think again. As a consequence, in any circumstance it's beneficial for all of us to cut back meat. He emphasizes that everybody should cut back on the quantity of meat and meat produc ts they eat. The Pain of Pork Consumption Essay Topics Consequently, meat is critical to human's everyday life and wellness. Being a real carnivore isn't a terrible thing. Meat Consumption is just one of the oldest habits of human life. Choosing Good Pork Consumption Essay Topics Hence, they have lower chance of coronary disease. We don't know someone doesn't mean we should hurt that person, and the exact same applies to animals. However, once we look deeply on how dogs identify various kinds of drugs, it's because they are being taught by human. In this manner, we cannot support the argument that we don't eat dogs since they are useful, it's human who makes them useful, and we can also give pigs with skills so they can have higher instrumental price. I certainly wouldn't need to roll the dice and discover out. The Debate Over Pork Consumption Essay Topics What you decide to eat is all up to you. To be able to eat better, you want to get informed about food according to them. Using Pork Consumption Essay Topics If they aren't trained, their strengths couldn't be expressed. All these factors are another means to die younger. Needless to say, the worldwide domination of pork could possibly be coming to an end because of the expanding popularity of chicken. Take Extinction off Your Plate is a sort of limited movement. Sources are embedded within this informative article together with below. Animal farming is the chief supply of carbon dioxide. Meat eaters don't need to take part in this emission process since there are small, local farms out there. Any farm cannot alter the impact of farm animals. Globally, pork is projected to find a little decline in the next several years. It requires 60 pounds of water to produce a single pound of potatoes. On the flip side, it takes more than 20,000 lbs of water to create a pound of beef. Pork Consumption Essay Topics: the Ultimate Convenience! The majority of the folks accept Monday as a cha nce for a fresh beginning to a new week. These days, they pay more attention on choosing what we eat. In completion the meat business is a vital portion of life. A whole lot of individuals argue that it's only healthy to have one meat free day per week. How to Get Started with Pork Consumption Essay Topics? Take Extinction off Your Plate intends to conserve the wildlife by helping decrease the total amount of meat consumption throughout the country. It is thought to be the most essential reason behind the Global Warming. Deforestation has turned into a major issue once it concerns the environment. Poultry is and will continue being the dominant kind of livestock on Earth. Outbreaks can happen year-round. Some can even be used for purposes apart from human consumption. Although this pork is obviously likely to be much better that you consume, it can be challenging to discover, and still poses certain health concerns. Today, meat consumption has grown an uncontrollable i ssue. It also increases the risk of diabetes. 5 million in wages and advantages. Vegetarians rely on soybeans for the protein required to keep up a healthy balance within the body. Meat is necessary to the well-being of the body. It is an important source of zinc and iron. The Key to Successful Pork Consumption Essay Topics The info in our articles is NOT meant to replace a one-on-one relationship with a skilled health care professional and isn't intended as medical advice. There are lots of studies about the connection between diet and Cancer. Access to the newest technologies and information is frequently the secret to a producer's capacity to be competitive. A number of these parasites are tough to kill even when cooking. It will be a lot easier for willing folks to be a weekday vegetarian first, which can be followed by an entire vegetarianism.

The Cuban Missile Crisis The World On The Edge Of Its Seat

â€Å"We’re eyeball to eyeball, and I think the other fellow just blinked† (Dean Rusk). The Cuban Missile Crisis put the world on the edge of its seat, and was the closest humanity has ever gotten to full-scale nuclear war. Even though the event lasted a mere two weeks (from October 14-24, 1962), it played a significant role in international politics, and its effects can still be seen today. The Cuban Missile Crisis is significant to current international relations because it proved the importance of the need for information, and the importance of taking risks. The history of the Cuban Missile Crisis is traced from both post-World War II negotiations and the Cuban Revolution. After the end of World War II, the Yalta Conference marked a turning†¦show more content†¦embargo on Cuba. This decision was treacherous considering at that time, Castro’s propaganda seemed to display communist beliefs (â€Å"What Triggered the Cuban Missile Crisis?†). As a r esult of the embargo, Castro sought the aid of the Soviet Union to help their economic position (â€Å"What Triggered the Cuban Missile Crisis?†). Had the United States been more willing to discuss a compromise between Cuba and the U.S., the crisis may have never even occurred. Much of the information that is available today about the Cuban Missile Crisis was not available to the people who needed it the most. One of the most devastating issues during the crisis was obtaining the proper information in order for each leader to make apt decisions. On October 14, an American U2 spy plane photographed military bases in Cuba, which, after close examination, proved the existence of nuclear warheads (Schroeder, â€Å"Cuban Missile Crisis†). However, these photographs lacked in providing the capability and range of the warheads. More intelligence revealed that there were three different types of nuclear missiles based in Cuba, ones that could reach a maximum distance of 630 na utical miles, 1020 nautical miles, and even 2200 nautical miles (â€Å"USSR Missile Ranges†). With such long distance missiles, the Soviets could hit nearly every city in the continental U.S.A. (â€Å"USSR Missile Ranges†). Despite having full knowledge of their missiles’ capabilities and locations,

Pediatric Nursing - 1531 Words

Pediatric Nursing A pediatric nurse must offer the proper maintenance care to a child. Depending on the specific pediatrics office or environment that they work, most accurately define the roles that they are to assume. In pediatrics nursing, the nurse is responsible for the developmental screenings. Part of this aspect includes measuring the height, weight, and other preliminary measures that mark a child’s growth and development. Nurses in pediatrics are often responsible for collecting laboratory samples. A pediatric nurse will also perform further routine tests and screenings such as checking a child’s temperature, heart rate, blood pressure levels, and respiratory rates. He or she may be responsible for conducting the more basic†¦show more content†¦All fees are subject to change You have to be licensed in the state of Indiana in order to work. ALL APPLICANTS must mail a completed application along with the items listed below to the Indiana Professional Licensing Agency. If you have ever held a license as a nurse previously in Indiana, and are applying again for the same profession, please contact our office at (317) 234-2043 or by e-mail at pla2@pla.in.gov to inquire about reactivating your previous license. Please type or print neatly with black or blue ink. A.Include a photograph, approximately 2  ½ x 3  ½ inches, head and shoulders view, black and white or color, of professional quality. Polaroid type or laminatedShow MoreRelatedThe Pediatric Scope Of Nursing Essay1843 Words   |  8 PagesNursing in Pediatrics There are many aspects and branches of study when it comes to health care. You have certain body system; Cardiovascular, Urinary, Nervous, etc. Areas of practice can be broken up into Oncology, Neurology, Nephrology, etc. Furthermore, it can be broken up in Pediatrics and Geriatrics. This paper will cover topics regarding the Pediatric scope of practice; beginning with Pediatric training in nursing school. 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Business Research Buying Behavior of the Consumer

Question: Describe about the Business Research for Buying Behavior of the Consumer. Answer: Project Proposal Working Title Social marketing, influencing the buying behavior of the consumer; a case study of Samsung. Project Description Aims and Objectives Aim: The aim of the project is to find out the influence of social marketing on global buying behavior. Objectives: To find out whether social marketing help Samsung to influence the behavior of its consumer. To find out the impact social marketing has on the people; and whether the impact proves to provide a positive change in the society. To investigate whether social marketing helps, the organization in gaining a human image. Background to the Research Social marketing could be defined as an approach that helps in developing those activities that could aim at changing as well as the maintaining the behavior of the people in the society. Social marketing maintains the behavior of the people for the benefits of both the individual and the community as a whole . Several researches or studies have been conducted on the theory of social marketing. Among all the studies that had been, conducted most of the studies refer to the exchange theory with the social marketing theory. The other studies that have conducted lately, although negate this fact; and prove that the exchange theory has no place in the social marketing theory (Dibb Carrigan, 2013). The Health Belief Model or the HBM is the most accepted method that is been used in the social marketing theory. Mostly in the empirical studies, the HBM theoretical model is used (Luca Suggs, 2013). The social marketers use the behavior change theory while defining the social market theory. Complex processes like behavior change, are often used to meet the social marketing objectives. One should not think that social marketing is an alternative to individual behavior but rather it helps in increasing the prevalence of the consumer behavior, especially with respect to the target audience. Brief Introduction of the Literature in Area The importance of social media is growing in the recent era because the companies believe that with the help of social media the companies could draw huge amount of traffic towards them (Turner, 2013). Social market economy encourages the free market capitalism and at the same time, it supports the welfare of the state. Social marketing on the other hand integrate the marketing concept in such a way that it influences the behavior of both the individual and the community for serving the purpose of greater social good. Therefore, companies like Samsung use social marketing tool to connect with their potential customers by promoting their products and their Corporate Social Activities (Burchell, Rettie Patel, 2013). The human images of the corporations are important for the companies like Samsung, because the human image helps the company to build their credibility among the other members of the society (Hastings Domegan, 2013). The members of the society are the potential customer of the company; therefore, Samsung has used social media marketing to influence the individual and the community. The company influence the individual not because they want to sell their products but at the same time, they use social marketing as a tool so that the people become the helpful member of the community (Baker Saren, 2016).. The social media marketers not only use Facebook as a platform, to connect with the community but there are several other platforms like the Twitter and the Search Engines, which could be used as medium to connect with the customers or the consumers around the world. The Significance of the Research The social market theory as well as social marketing as tool, have immense significance in the global market since the global buying behavior of the organization, affects the organization. The profit maximization strategies are depending on the global buying behavior, therefore, social market theory has its influence since the theory could be used influence the individual and the community. The global significance: The future marketers before coming up with a marketing strategy could take the help of the research. The social market and the social marketing theory discussed here will be effective for coming up with a marketing program plan. Theoretical Significance: Numerous researches have been conducted on the social market and the social marketing theory. The researches have helped the marketers to know their target audience, which is in return helpful for the organization. It has turned out to be successful in influencing and evaluating the behavioral change of the community or the individual. Research Question The following research proposal put forward the following research questions: RQ 1: How social marketing has been used by Samsung to influence the behavior of the consumer? RQ 2: Does social marketing influence people to contribute to the society? RQ 3: How effective is social marketing in providing a human image to the organization? Gantt chart and Mile Stone Gantt chart The following table will show the required time, to complete the whole research: Task Start Date End Date Duration Research Proposal 31/07/2016 5/08/2016 6 days Literature Review 5/08/2016 5/09/2016 30 days Data Collection 5/09/2016 5/11/2016 92 days Data Analysis 5/11/2016 5/12/2016 30 days Final Report Submission 5/12/2016 31/12/2016 26 days (Figure 1: The Gantt chart of the Research Source: Created by the Author) Milestone Achievements Year CDP Korea Excellence Award 2009, October CES Eco-Design Award 2009, January (Figure 2: The Milestone Achieved by Samsung Source: "SAMSUNG", 2016) Team Charter Purpose Identifying the use of the social market theory by organizations such Samsung to influence the behavior of the consumer, this will affect the profit maximization of the company and would contribute to the community. Time and Duration 6 Months Scope Influence of the social network on the community and the individual. Expect End Result Samsung has used social market theory to influence both the behavior of the people in the community so that the people contribute to the community. It would in return provide the organization with human image. Supporting Resources Press release, website resources and the blogs Deliverable Obtaining information from reliable sources, (Figure 3: The Team Charter Source: Created by the Author) References Baker, M. J., Saren, M. (Eds.). (2016). Marketing theory: a student text. Sage. Burchell, K., Rettie, R., Patel, K. (2013). Marketing social norms: social marketing and the social norm approach. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 12(1), 1-9. Dibb, S., Carrigan, M. (2013). Social marketing transformed: Kotler, Polonsky and Hastings reflect on social marketing in a period of social change. European Journal of Marketing, 47(9), 1376-1398. Hastings, G., Domegan, C. (2013). Social marketing: From tunes to symphonies. Routledge. Luca, N. R., Suggs, L. S. (2013). Theory and model use in social marketing health interventions. Journal of health communication, 18(1), 20-40. Samsung. (2016). Samsung. Retrieved 28 July 2016, from Slater, D., Tonkiss, F. (2013). Market society: markets and modern social theory. John Wiley Sons. Turner, H. (2013). Global Digital Social Media Strategy at Samsung Mobile. Intelligent Head Quarters. Retrieved 28 July 2016

Materials for Artificial Hip Joints

Table of Contents Hip Anatomy Artificial Joint Hip Replacement Materials Selection Current Trends Conclusion Bibliography Footnotes Hip Anatomy The hip anatomy refers to the structures which make up the hip. â€Å"The hip contains various parts. These include bones and joints, which are our major concern, ligaments, tendons, muscles, nerves, the bursae, and blood vessels, which shall be discussed in this section.†1Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Materials for Artificial Hip Joints’ specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The hip is an example of a ball and socket joint. The most notable structures in a hip are the bones and joints. The bones are made up of the femur and the pelvis. â€Å"The head of the femur interlocks the acetabulum that is located besides the pelvis†.2 However, wear and tear might occur around the joints, causing chronic pains. This wear and tear might be as a result of acc idents, and or due to excessive walking, leading to a condition known as osteoarthritis.3 This involves replacing the damaged cartilage and bone of the hip joint with artificial ones. This kind of a process is carried out in two different ways: the cemented prosthesis and the uncemented prosthesis. The uncemented prosthesis is whereby the implants are made with special coatings which allow the bone to grow on to the implant. This is crucial since it aids in the integration of the implant into the body.4 This is actually achieved through designing implants which are porous. On the contrary, cemented prosthesis involves the use cement to attach the implant to the bone. The merits of carrying out an artificial joint hip replacement are: helping in movement of the person, doing away with the chronic pain at the joints and also to reduce the tear and wear at the joint. However, a good thing has never lacked shortcomings. The hip is bound to undergo some dislocations, which are caused by the fact that implants are always smaller than the original joint, something which makes the ball to come out of the socket (BoneSmart). It might also lead to blood clots, a condition known as thrombophlebitis and also the patient might fall victim of some infections.5Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Artificial Joint Hip Replacement In the past, traditional materials were being used to replace worn out hip joints. However, these prosthetics were subjected to a lot of wear and tear and were therefore not effective. This necessitated the development of modern materials, which would be more wear resistant and last longer. The implant materials to be used ought to have certain mechanical properties in order to be effective. They are supposed to be wear and tear resistant, hard, strong, with good corrosion resistance and considerable levels of stiffness. Very high stiffness in mater ials can result in weight shielding, which cause eventual fracture of the implants. Other factors such as biocompatibility and degradation of the biomaterials also play a key role in influencing their performance. In view of these properties, metals, ceramics, and polymers are the most used materials in the making of implants for artificial hip joints. The table shows below some of the mechanical properties of the most frequent used materials in this modern world. Metals have good fracture resistance and are stong enough to be used in making of hip joints. However, they have very high stiffness, which, as indicated earlier on, leads to weight shielding. â€Å"Steel is an alloy of iron, nickel,chromium and molybdenum†.6 An implant made from it lasts much longer since it is highly resistant to corrosion. This means that it does not degrade in the body easily. Steel has relatively high stiffness levels and it can be shaped easily, meaning reduced cost of production. On the other hand, nickel, which is contained in steel, might be of a problem to some people who are allergic to it.The other metal which is used to make implants in place of steel is the Freeman cobalt-chromium. This is an alloy composed of cobalt, molybdenum and chromium(27-30% Cr, 5-7% Mo, rest Co). â€Å"The freeman cobalt-chromium is used by patients who are allergic to nickel since it does not contain the latter†.7 Materials Selection Titanium implant is yet another metal which is used in making artificial hip joints. â€Å"A titanium implant has a stiffness of less than half that of stainless steel or cobalt chrome, which therefore reduces the effects of weight shielding. Its constituents give it excellent corrosion resistance, but it does suffer from relatively low fracture toughness and poor wear properties†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 2.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Materials for Artificial Hip Joints’ specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Titanium is special since it permits the use of finely polished wear resistant metal heads, which boosts its wear resistance. Polymethylmethacylate (PMMA) is one of the polymers which are most frequently used as grouting material. Its main limitation is that when used, there is always some release of heat to the neighboring bone, causing cell death. Cement might also cower, leading to toxic monomers being emancipated into the bloodstream. Zirconia (zirconium oxide) ceramic has found continued use in making of Zirconium Ceramic Femoral Head. â€Å"It is highly valued due to its mean surface roughness, being very hard and highly resistant to scratching and wear†.8 â€Å"Hydroxyapatite is made up of calcium phosphate, which makes it biocompatible. For this reason, it is, in absence of bone cement, used to coat implants†.9 Current Trends In the current times, the most favored type of implants hybrid ones. This is whereby different type of materials is combined in order to achieve the desired mechanical properties. This goes a long way in assuring the longevity of the implant. Some of these hybrid implants are discussed below. Metal ball (made up of cobalt chrome molybdenum) and Polyethylene liners have gained popularity over the years among the surgeons due to its good performance and durability. Polyethylene is capable of achieving stability in the body while the surgical operation is still underway and it’s also less expensive. The wear rate which is 0.1millimeters each year is a bit low and therefore it’s a better implant.10 Ceramic ball and polyethylene liner is another implant which is widely used. The wear rate is about 0.05 millimeters per year. The other hybrid implant is the metal ball and metal liner. They have very much reduced wear rate and the amount of bone lose is minimal. Of all the implants, these offer the largest ball heads, which means greater stability and therefore the risk of dislocation is highly reduced. Some of the feared aspects are that the metal’s soluble ions might dissolve into the body, being accompanied by some harmful effects. Ceramic ball and ceramic liner implants are the hardest and lowest in terms of wear rate (about 0.0001millimeters per year) but are more expensive than the other implants.11Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion In conclusion, various materials can be used in making artificial hip joints and this majorly rely on the biocompatibility of the material, its mechanical properties, and its level of degradation while in the body. Bibliography Cluett, J, Hip Replacment Implant Options, 2008, retrieved http://orthopedics.about.com/od/hipkneereplacement/a/implants.htm. Drijber, FLIP JB Finlay, Proc Instn Mech. Engrs—Part H: J Eng Med, vol. 204, no.H4, 1990, pp. 253- 258. Malik, H, Advanced Hip Replacement, 2010, retrieved http://www.hammadmalik.co.uk/1/HipReplacement.aspx. Orthogate, Hip Patient Education, Artificial Hip Dislocation Precautions, 2000-2007, retrieved http://www.orthogate.org/patient-education/hip/. Queen Mary, Department of Materials: Materials Selection for Total Hip Replacement, 2010, retrieved http://www.materials.qmul.ac.uk/casestud/implants/. ScienceDaily, ‘Cementless Hip Implants Are Durable For At Least 20 Years,’ Number of stories in archive s, vol. 93, May 3, 2009, p. 728, retrieved http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/05/090501154133.htm. Turner, I, Why Study Materials?, UK Centre for Materials Education, 2008-2010, retrieved http://www.whystudymaterials.ac.uk/casestudies/hip-replacement.asp. William, DC, Materials Science and Engineering: an introduction Wiley, 3rd edn, John Wiley sons, New York, 2008. Footnotes 1 Orthogate, Hip Patient Education, Artificial Hip Dislocation Precautions, 2000-2007, retrieved http://www.orthogate.org/patient-education/hip/,p.1. 2 Ibid, p.1. 3 H Malik, Advanced Hip Replacement, 2010, retrieved http://www.hammadmalik.co.uk/1/HipReplacement.aspx, p.1. 4 Ibid, p.1. 5 FLIP Drijber JB Finlay, Proc Instn Mech. Engrs—Part H: J Eng Med, vol. 204, no.H4, 1990, pp. 253- 258. 6 DC William, Materials Science and Engineering: an introduction Wiley, 3rd edn, John Wiley sons, New York, 2008, p.728. 7 Ibid, p.278. 8 I Turner, Why Study Materials?, UK Centre for Materials Education, 2 008-2010, retrieved http://www.whystudymaterials.ac.uk/casestudies/hip-replacement.asp,p.1. 9 ScienceDaily, ‘Cementless Hip Implants Are Durable For At Least 20 Years,’ Number of stories in archives, vol. 93, May 3, 2009, p. 728, retrieved http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/05/090501154133.htm,p.728. 10 Queen Mary, Department of Materials: Materials Selection for Total Hip Replacement, 2010, retrieved http://www.materials.qmul.ac.uk/casestud/implants/,p.1. 11 J Cluett, Hip Replacment Implant Options, 2008, retrieved http://orthopedics.about.com/od/hipkneereplacement/a/implants.htm, p.1. This essay on Materials for Artificial Hip Joints’ was written and submitted by user Jordan Rivers to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

History of the Integrated Circuit (Microchip)

History of the Integrated Circuit (Microchip) It seems that the integrated circuit was destined to be invented. Two separate inventors, unaware of each others activities, invented almost identical integrated circuits or ICs at nearly the same time. Jack Kilby, an engineer with a background in ceramic-based silk screen circuit boards and transistor-based hearing aids, started working for  Texas Instruments  in 1958. A year earlier, research engineer  Robert Noyce  had co-founded the Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation. From 1958 to 1959, both electrical engineers were working on an answer to the same dilemma: how to make more of less. What we didnt realize then was that the integrated circuit would reduce the cost of electronic functions by a factor of a million to one, nothing had ever done that for anything before - Jack Kilby Why the Integrated Circuit Was Needed In designing a complex electronic machine like a computer it was always necessary to increase the number of components involved in order to make technical advances. The monolithic (formed from a single crystal) integrated circuit placed the previously separated transistors, resistors, capacitors and all the connecting wiring onto a single crystal (or chip) made of semiconductor material. Kilby used germanium and Noyce used silicon for the semiconductor material. Patents for the Integrated Circuit In 1959 both parties applied for patents. Jack Kilby and Texas Instruments received U.S. patent #3,138,743 for miniaturized electronic circuits. Robert Noyce and the Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation received U.S. patent #2,981,877 for a silicon-based integrated circuit. The two companies wisely decided to cross-license their technologies after several years of legal battles, creating a global market now worth about $1 trillion a year. Commercial Release In 1961 the first commercially available integrated circuits came from the Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation. All computers then started to be made using chips instead of the individual transistors and their accompanying parts. Texas Instruments first used the chips in Air Force computers and the Minuteman Missile in 1962. They later used the chips to produce the first electronic portable calculators. The original IC had only one transistor, three resistors, and one capacitor and was the size of an adults pinkie finger. Today an IC smaller than a penny can hold 125 million transistors. Jack Kilby holds patents on over sixty inventions and is also well known as the inventor of the portable calculator (1967). In 1970 he was awarded the National Medal of Science. Robert Noyce, with sixteen patents to his name, founded Intel, the company responsible for the invention of the microprocessor, in 1968. But for both men, the invention of the integrated circuit stands historically as one of the most important innovations of mankind. Almost all modern products use chip technology.

How are databases used in organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

How are databases used in organisations - Essay Example Another type of databases is distributed databases. These are databases which are scattered and stored over different systems on a network. Object-oriented databases use the concept of classes and subclasses to store and organize data. Databases usually do not exist in isolation but are part of database systems. A database system, besides the collection of records, provides a number of features such as searching for records, accessing them and updating them. Typically databases use the language SQL (Structured Query Language) to access the data and make changes to it. Popular database systems include Oracle, IBM’s DB2 and Microsoft Access. Databases play a vital and indispensible role in organizations today and are of great importance. One of the reasons for this is that they have replaced the old paper files and records. This makes the information become compact and is no longer scattered in paper files. Not only do paper files taka a lot of space, they are also vulnerable of being destroyed by fire etc. Besides saving in the space, the database provides an easier access to data. It allows the users to retrieve data in very little time and to update it easily. Data from a database can be retrieved and sorted in a number of ways depending on the requirements. Databases can provide the same information to a number of users at the same time. A large number of users can access the information and update it simultaneously. This is not possible with manual systems (SQLServer.com). Databases usually contain collection of data records of files related to a common subject or entity. Typically databases are part of information systems. These systems are used for a number of purposes. In a business organization, databases are used for storing information on finance, sales, customer records etc. Similarly, databases are immensely used in banking, healthcare and education industries. In this paper, we shall focus on the use of databases in

Dialogue Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dialogue - Assignment Example In essence, the term described the groundbreaking cultural shift from uniqueness to seriality, from authenticity to replication, and from the original artwork to its inherent soulless mechanical copy. Me: As far as the communication and journalism is concerned, the concept has come under serious criticism, especially the lack of clear-cut and stable categorization from your writings (Benjamin 23). Indeed, a portion of the critics suggests that your writings provoke multivalent and ambiguous, rather than offering neat shorthand for transition from the traditional to modern culture. Your take please? Benjamin: Well, I think their basis for criticism is rather vague. In my essay The Work and Art in the Age of Its Technological Reproducibility, I specifically emphasize on the concept of aura and the decline of photography, similar to other technological innovations. Further, I challenge the uniqueness and originality of photography due to the unprecedented replications. Benjamin: A programmatic analysis of the essay that I previously mentioned will show that I present the relationship between photography and aura as a clear-cut opposition. Thus, photography, as a medium of mechanical reproduction, is among the driving forces behind the decline, and thus destruction, of aura. I clearly assert that the element that withers in the era of technological reproducibility of artwork is its aura. In essence, the process is symptomatic, and perhaps extends beyond the boundaries of art. This is because photographic reproduction of original works of art endows them with accessibility and mobility, thus altering their fundamental mode of reception (Benjamin 24). In this regard therefore, the contemplation characteristic of the traditional spaces of museum and gallery submits to an eagerness for control and possession. Me: That is a very sensational explanation.

Interpreting Poetry Essay Example for Free

Interpreting Poetry Essay Ballads have been a popular invention of troubadours since the inception of poetry. A ballad is a folksong typically with a tragic ending or a lover’s getting married ending. This paper will break down the ballad of Bonnie Barbara Allen in a stanza by stanza presentation, as well as present how the ballad’s story pertains to modernity through folk singing. Ballads are an interpretation of a common emotion. In Barbara Allen the main characters are Barbara and Sir John Graeme. Sometimes the ballad shifts in the man’s name; in other versions of this same ballad the man is called Willie Grove, sweet Willie Graeme, Sweet William, Jemmye Grove (Diary of Pepys paragraph 4). With such differences in names to describe the man in this ballad, and by use of the adjective ‘sweet’ to describe him, it may be surmised that the sympathies of the ballad-singer as well as the audience, lie with the man in the story and not with Barbara Allen. It is no doubt that in this ballad, the female is given the characteristic of being cruel. This is shown as her eventually leaving Sir John Graeme on his deathbed without returning his love. She spurns him because he slighted her in a public tavern (some versions are different) and it is this slight which makes her maintain her cruelty. Sir John Graeme dies, and Barbara Allen is so stricken with grief that she too dies (in some versions of the ballad, either lovers grave grows a rose and a thorn and they intertwine, and in another version Sir John Graeme dances on Barbara Allen’s grave). The theme of the ballad is quite perceptibly about forgiveness. In essence, as with most ballads, Barbara Allen tries to moralize the story under the cruelest conditions. In analysis the creativity of the ballad through use of word choice, setting and narrative, the reader is bombarded with Old English (for the ballad was created in the 12th century when it was written into Pepys’ Diary of Ballads, but had been travelling through England, Scotland and Ireland via oral tradition hundreds of years prior to it being written down). The first stanza places the listener or reader in a timeframe (Martinmas time, or November 11th (Wollstadt 315)). In the setting of the scene the singer goes on to describe that the ‘green leaves were a falling’ (Pepys paragraph 1). Although the first stanza tells of John’s love for Barbara, there is an immediate swift change of scene from love to death between the 1st and 2nd stanza (Oliver 10-11). Barbara is bid to come to the ‘my master dear’ (Pepys paragraph 1). The symbolism of the green leaves falling and of John’s body being so close to death represents a great use of metaphor by the writer. What should also be noted is that typically when a leaf falls, it is not in fact green, but of various colours including red, yellow, orange. This is because the chlorophyll has been ‘sucked’ back into the tree for the winter (it’s like the tree harvesting health for the upcoming colder months). Thus, for the green leaves to be falling would suggest that the tree has suffered some plight instead of them falling simply because of the season. This allusion of the ballad mirrors John’s broken heart (Oliver 11-12). He is a young man, in the prime of his days, but he dies of a broken heart. What is of further interest is that a tree will keep the green in its leaves, even when the tree is dying of what is called ‘heart rot†. Thus, the reader is prepared for the upcoming scene of sorrow for both John and Barbara. The 3rd stanza reveals a somewhat cold Barbara Allen. She does go to John’s side, on his bequest, and when she arrives, all the ballad says, she says, â€Å"’Young man, I think you’re dying’† (Pepys paragraph 1). The motions with which she uses to go to John’s deathbed are very revealing to the reader. The stanza relays that she slowly (hooly) got up upon being requested to John’s side. We must assume she knew he was dying, or that she was reluctant to see him, because of the way she feels he slighted her. However, upon the true revelation of John’s state of death, all she can say is â€Å"Young man, I think you’re dying† (Pepys paragraph 1). It is in the 4th stanza that the reader is revealed to John’s state: He’s dying of a broken heart. This is an actual medical concern known as of takotsubo cardiomyopathy, or broken heart syndrome. It may safely assumed that this is indeed what is the death of Sir John Graeme, for, upon Barbara Allen leaving him, without returning his love, the death toll rings. In turn then, Barbara Allen may also have died from takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Sir John’s statement further supports this notion as in the 4th stanza he states, â€Å"I’m sick†¦/And tis a for Barbara Allan† (Pepys paragraph 1). If John’s heart truly is breaking, it does so in the 5th stanza as Barbara states that she doesn’t love him (or hides it because she’s angry with him) because of the injustice she feels she suffered at the tavern when John ‘slighted’ her. The 4th and the 5th stanza’s are full of dialogue and not much narrative. This is done in order to get the back story of these two people and to know the emotional reasoning for Barbara’s actions. The narrative of the 6th stanza reveals more the dialogue between the couple as revealed in their actions. John turns his face to the way when Barbara tells of why she doesn’t love him. This action may be interpreted as being shame on John’s part for what he did while drinking at a tavern. The entire 6th stanza in fact reads like a domestic dispute reconciliation (or what may be a reconciliation). What is interesting to note is that John doesn’t ask for forgiveness from Barbara for what he may or may not have done while he may or may not have been drunk. Thus, in turn, Barbara doesn’t forgive him. Thus, the theme of forgiveness comes back into play; meaning, if either one had forgiven the other, perhaps their hearts would not have broken. However, both characters have too much pride to ask for forgiveness and thus they inevitably befall a tragic ending. It is interesting to not however that while John is dying his last request is for people to be kind to Barbara Allen, which signifies his fault as well as her stubbornness. (i. e. because she wouldn’t grant a dying man his last wish). The repetition in the 7th stanza of Barbara moving slowly leaving John was seen early in the ballad when she slowly came to see him. Thus, once she was slow to see him and now she is reluctant to leave him. It is in the 7th stanza that the reader begins to see the human side of Barbara Allen appear. It is with this movement and her statement in the 9th stanza of dying tomorrow, that the reader may begin to sympathize with the woman. Her cruelty can only be redeemed through her dying as well, and it is in her death that the reader realizes that she did love John, but could not forgive a man who did not ask for forgiveness. Works Cited Diary of Samuel Pepys. Barbara Allen. (2009). Online. 29 March 2009. http://www. pepysdiary. com/p/9570. php Oliver, Mary. Poetry Handbook. (1994). Harvest Books. New York. Wollstadt, Lynn. Controlling Women: â€Å"Reading Gender in the Ballads Scottish Women Sang† Western Folklore, vol. 61, no. ? (Autumn 2002). Pp. 295-317.

Cry the Beloved Country Movie versus Film Essay -- compare contrast

Cry, the Beloved Country is a moving story of the Zulu pastor Stephen Kumalo and his son Absalom. They live in an Africa torn apart by racial tensions and hate. It is based on a work of love and hope, courage, and endurance, and deals with the dignity of man. The author lived and died (1992) in South Africa and was one of the greatest writers of that country. His other works include Too Late the Phalarope, Ah, but Your Land Is Beautiful, and Tales from a Troubled Land. The book was made into a movie starring James Earl Jones and Richard Harris. The book takes you to South Africa, where the land itself is the essence of a man. It as if the mountains, soaring high above the clouds, are the high moments in life, and the valleys are those low and suffering times. Next, you will take a journey to a place called Johannesburg. While reading the pages, the reader begins to envision Johannesburg being a polluted, very unkind, and rushed city. The setting is more of an emotional setting than a physical setting. As I stated, it takes place in South Africa, 1946. This is a time where racial discrimination is at an all time high. The black community of this land is trying to break free from the white people, but having little success. It is this so called racism that is essential to the setting of the story. Without it, the book would not have as much of an impact as it does. This film, the second adaptation of the book, has little room for hatred or anger. Ins tead, its underlying tone is one of a profound grief that the title hints at. Taken as a whole, Paton's novel promotes healing and understanding, and it speaks as powerfully to audiences today as it did when it was first published, fifty years ago. The book ends with a tone of ... ...ing message and provide an emotional punch to equal the book's resonance, which would have probably made a longer film, but added to the continuity if the film. Although the film is slow, it takes on surprising power from the dignity of its performances and the moral strength of its ideas. The book is the same way except you are being fed more of the characters emotion through words than through pictures. Not every moment of the film is as potent as the book (which is noted for passages of passion and impassioned eloquence), but as I said before overcomes its own limitations to become a glorious tribute to the workings of a faith that does not blind but opens up the human spirit (Douglas 25). Alan Paton's novel of apartheid in 1940s South Africa receives a sanitized and overly sentimental treatment in this film, a little trivializing to the book's relentless power.

Behavioral Ecology of Bees Essay

Behavioral Ecology of Bees Introduction Abstract   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bees constitute one of the major plant pollinators globally. They experience adaptation for feeding on pollen and nectar. Pollination is as well defined as the process by which pollen grains are transferred between plants in reproduction. The amount of colonies (maintained by beekeepers) has gradually declined due to systematic use of pesticide, urbanization, Varroa mites, and tracheal. However, this has increased the competition of bee keeping for pollination purposes. Pollination refers to process via which transfer of pollen in plants reproduction occurs, thus facilitating sexual reproduction as well as fertilization. Pollination constitutes an essential step in flowering plants reproduction, resulting in a remarkable production of genetically diverse offspring. The general study of in-depth pollination entails various disciplines such as horticulture, botany, ecology, and entomology. Pollination was first viewed by scientists as an int eraction process (in 18th century) between vector and flower. The fact that fruiting is fertilization dependent and is as a result of pollination guarantees the importance of pollination in agriculture as well as horticulture. Pollination can either be abiotic (mediated with no other organisms involved) or biotic (organisms carry the pollen grains from the flower’s anthers to the respective part of the pistil or carpel. Beetles have emerged to be the insects that pollinated the most ancient animal-pollinated flowers; thus the syndrome pertaining insect pollination emerged before the first appearance of bees. However, bees are (specialists) pollination agents with physical and behavioural modifications that facilitate pollination, and are relatively more efficient in performing the task than other pollinating insects such as flies, beetles, pollen wasps, and butterflies. The emergence of these floral specialists has driven the angiosperms’ adaptive radiation, and, conse quently, the bees themselves (Riedl, (Johansen, & Barbour, 2006).Methodology:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All the details availed by this research has been delicately collected from subject-related articles and in-depth analysis of various case studies.Semisocial and Eusocial bees Bees can either be solitary or live in certain community types such as for instance, the eusocial colonies (common among the bumblebees, stingless bees, and honey bees). Different types of sociality have evolved amongst the bees. In certain species, groups (of cohabiting females) may function and live as sisters; otherwise, labor division in the group guarantees them to be considered Semisocial. However, if, in spite of labor division, the group entails a mother and corresponding daughters, the group is then called eusocial. The mother serves as the â€Å"queen† while the daughters serve as â€Å"workers†. The system is said to be â€Å"primitively eusocial† if these cases are purely behavioural while, on the other hand; the system is â€Å"high ly eusocial† once the cases are found to be morphologically discrete. Nevertheless, the primitively eusocial bees constitute relatively more species as compared to the highly eusocial bees. In most cases, the highly eusocial bees are found to live in colonies with each colony having a single queen and several workers. Bumblebees are found to be eusocial, and the queen is found to initiate a nest singly. Colonies of bumblebees contain 50-200 bees at maximum population, which takes place in the duration mid-to-late summer. Bumblebees constitute one of the vital wild pollinators; however, their population has declined recently. Communal and solitary bees: Most bees are said to be solitary if all the females are fertile and inhabits own constructed nests. Solitary bees are vital pollinators whereby pollen is collected for providing the brood’s food in the nest. They are said to be oligoleges (collect pollen from a few plant species) unlike bumblebees and honey bees which ar e generalists. Monoculture and decline in bee species has made honey bee keepers concentrate on seasonally dynamic pollination areas. Fuzzy bees have an electrostatic charge thus adherence of pollen is facilitated. Bee gathering pollen grains are more efficient pollinators rather than those that gather nectar (Davies, Kreb, and West, 2012).In New Zealand, three general of native bees managed to venture into flower buds of the native mistletoe Peraxilla tetrapetala. Bellbird and Tui are some of the birds that orient the ripe bud top since cannot undergo self-opening. This results in a mechanism that causes spring-opening of the petals thus providing access to the pollen and nectar. The individual efficiency of bees determines their population value. Thus while pollination efficiency of bumblebees is high on cucurbits, the cumulative efficiency of honey bees colony is relatively greater as a result of their greater numbers. Bumblebees and honeybees use their spatial vision and color v ision to sort out tasks such as to recognize rewarding flowers especially during foraging. Cognitive factors are very significant in determining what bees see. With progressed visual experience, honey bees know much in using non-elemental processing, entailing rule learning and configurable mechanisms. Honey bees can as well learn delayed-matching-to-sample tasks, as well as the policies governing this decision-making process; exchange acquired rules between various sensory modalities. Lastly, bees can familiarize with complicated categorization tasks and also processing abilities of displaying numbers up to four (inclusive). A combination of the above evidences suggests that bees possess sophisticated visual behaviors (that fit cognition’s definition); hence simple primary bee vision models should know how various factors influence the results gained from experiments of animal behavior (Wilson, 2004). In regions where introduced honey bees have invaded, the floral resources of several plant species are used exclusively by honey bees, on the other hand, the native bees are endangered. However, native bees visit and pollinate the plant species in the regions where honey bees have not been established. In New Zealand (Heine, 1938; Thomson, 1927; Craig et al., 2000) and Tsamania (Goulson et al., 2003), similar effect has been realized as a result of invasion of honey bees. The predominance of honey bees in New Zealand will have severe plant-pollinator interactions, for instance, variations in order of gene flow in plants, native bees population decrease and boosted reproductive fitness of (invasive) exotic weeds. Pollination disruption by the invaded honey bees evident in plants grown in orchards suggests that removal of pollen by honey bees may lower pollination success in plant species such as ornithophilous plants. In addition to that, if the population of a particular bee species declines due to disease or natural cycles of parasites, a reliable and st able pollination source is provided when native bees fill the left gap. Nevertheless, native pollinators save money since they exhibit less need for imported honey bees’ hives. Sustainable management practices and reduced use of pesticides make organic farms vital participants in pollinator conservation efforts. For instance, since 70% of native bees nest underground, heavy tillage may be essential on farms where bees are needed pollinators. This benefits the growers by decreased need for rental-honey bees, greater farm biodiversity, and improved pollination services. Native bees can be relied upon by organic farmers who care for the chemical inputs (e.g., miticides and antibiotics) which are mostly used in maintenance of managed honey bees. Native bees pollinate crops when sufficient habitat is availed and bee-friendly practices of management are implemented (Kelly, 1998). Conservation of bees can be achieved via: classical biological control; existence of beneficial organis ms’ populations is practiced. Conservation biological control; habitats are provided to encourage populations of resident predatory insects. This reduces the need for pesticides and also provides extra food as well as nest habitat for bees. Resistant varieties; use of crops that are not vulnerable to pest insects reduce the use of pesticides, thus benefit both beneficial insect populations and pollinators. Native plants are the best source of bees’ food, but some garden plants are great sufficient for pollinators. Local native plants’ use; native plants are more attractive (to native bees) than exotic flowers. Choosing a wide variety of flower colors; especially purple, blue, yellow, violet and white attract bees. Diversified plants flowering all seasons; a range of pollinators (bee species), flying at varying times of the year, is supported (Holzschuh et al. 2007; Dramstad & Fry 1995). Pollinators perform several ecological obligations in natural ecosystems (th at they constitute a keystone combination in almost all terrestrial ecosystems), essential for plant reproduction as well as forming the foundation of a food web rich in energy (Kearns et al. 1998). Most bee species nest underground, digging tunnels heading to some brood cells. Honeybees and bumblebees are excluded from this phenomenon since they need a small cavity (e.g., an abandoned rodent nest) for their colony (Thomson & Kearns 2001). Feral honey bees occupy large cavities, e.g., a hollow tree (Raw & O’Toole 1999). In the temperate regions, honey bees manage winter as a colony. Within the cluster, an internal temperature of 95oF is maintained (optimal temperature for wax creation). Honey bees can forage optimally at the air temperature range 72-77oF, mostly because they exhibit physiological and behavioural mechanisms responsible for their flight muscles’ temperature regulation. Bees can be poisoned by insecticides (once they drink tainted nectar, absorb toxins vi a their exoskeleton, or when their pollen-collecting hairs trap insecticidal dusts. Movement or coverage of honey bee hives before application of pesticides cannot protect the wild bees’ scattered populations. However, during the winter season, bumblebee queens seek â€Å"winter safety† in some of the honey bee hives. Most of the bumblebees, hardly tolerate the winter season thus, are found dead as the spring season commences. In addition to that, chemical treatments of honey bees against Varroa mites saved several commercial operations and also improved cultural practices. In regions of mild climate, resistant breeds’ repopulation and Varroa resistance’s natural selection has facilitated the recovery of feral bees’ populations. References Kelly, Dave (1998). Native bees With New Tricks. New Zealand Science Monthly. Wilson, Bee (2004). The Hive: the Story of Honey Bee. London Morelle, Rebecca (2012). Extinct Short-haired Bumblebee returns to UK. Davies, N.R., Krebs, J.R., and West, S.A. (2012). An Introduction to Behavioural Ecology. 4th ed. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. Print. pp. 387-388 Riedl, H., E. Johansen, L. Brewer, & J. Barbour (2006). The Potential Conservation Value of Unmoved powerline Strips for Native Bees. Biological Conservation 124:133-148. Source document

Gender Roles Japan And Japan - 1111 Words

Introduction These day’s a survey conducted by the Japan Times has found that `40 percent of both men and women in their 20s to 40s believe husbands should work full time while their wives stay at home`. (Japan times 2014) Also, a number of male and female respondents answered that they believe women should focus on parenting when their children are very young and so no work. This survey clearly shows how ingrained concepts of male and female roles are in Japan. The reasons why Japan has this type of role is there is traditional view of gender role in Japan. It is peculiar style in Japan and rare in foreign country. This traditional view of gender role has been becoming gradually outdated. It is a bad tradition from the past, were people believe that the men work, and the women do house work and child care in a house. In my essay I will look at recent statistics conducted in Japan that look at the current mentality that Japanese people have about gender role, and find out why these stereotype have emerged after post war from in terms of historical background with some articles. In addition, if this stereotype is changing, I will look at why it is changing in this essay. Body Most of Asian countries are heavily influenced by Confucius, who was a Chinese teacher, editor, politician and philosopher of the spring and autumn period of Chinese history. Japan is one of the most influenced country. Confucian original ideals focuses on the family, such as men are the heads ofShow MoreRelatedGender Roles in Japan Essay2137 Words   |  9 Pagespainted in representative images far in the modern world? The ideal woman in Japan is expected to be both a good wife, and a wise mother. Though these seem like reasonable expectations, there is a much deeper meaning to them that has shown signs of being outdated. 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