Issues on Women and Homophobia an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

Issues on Women and Homophobia 1. What issues involving straight women have been resolved since the 1920`s in the United States, and which have not? What do you see happening in the future, when and why? Need essay sample on "Issues on Women and Homophobia" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The battle for female suffrage culminated on August 18, 1920, when Tennessee became the thirty-sixth state to ratify the Nineteenth Amendment, granting women the right to vote. Following approval of the Nineteenth Amendment, women made substantial inroads in political and economic life. Dr. Riesman in his study of the basic changes taking place in the American characters during the twentieth century (that is, from inner-directed to outer-directed) found that the growing pre-occupation with acts of consumption reflects the change. The women then were confronted with a host of new, varied and difficult problems of adjustment within a brief period of time. Women were lured to experiment and to try something new and not get stuck with the traditional ways of thinking and doing things. Back then in the 60s, the clothes that the old school hip hop artists donned were expressions of inpiduality but they even carried a purpose which was a functional one. Women spoke of a willingness to create a difference of their own despite several constraints. When one thinks of the identity crisis that plagues people, one is able to discern the connection between this genre and its lure on women then. Conformity comes in many forms and affects many aspects of peoples lives. People, having identified with many models, have incorporated many different characteristics. Now they must integrate, synthesize, and reorganize these, dropping some characteristics and strengthening others. A new, unique and coherent identity emerges, one in which, the whole has a different quality than the sum of its parts (Buszek, 1998). For women at that time, the circumstances all conspired for this art to flourish. Even if women were expected to maintain an unrealistic level of decorum, still, the women at that time were beginning to accept their own sexuality. They began to allow themselves sexual pleasures. This problem is compounded by old feelings that sex is immoral and dirty. (Such feelings are still very much with us even in these days of sexual revolution.) If a women, even unwillingly, still thinks of sex as bad, then it is sometimes easier to engage in it (to even enjoy it) is she can maintain the concept that it is the mans doing. She is just complying and its really for him This attitude is part of the history of what women were supposed to do and feel. But it does not match what she wants and achieves in other areas. There is an additional dimension to the sexuality seen in this, and in the philosophy behind the success of the women then. To be herself, expressing her sexuality, is the final confirmation of her new self which really exists. It will prove, as it were, that she really can be the person she is glimpsing now. It will allow her to tap all of her suppressed energies and direct them toward her goals. It will be, in a sense, dependencys end, and she is not quite ready to face it. It seems frightening but it is also too good to be true. It also means she is still asking a man to prove that her new self existsto give it his stamp of validation via the final test, his demonstration of interest (Buszek, 1998). For generations, women had been subjected to men. In the early 19th century, married women could not enter into contracts without their husband's consent. Women lost all title to property or future earnings upon marriage while their children were legally controlled by the father. Even women were often without recourse against kidnapping or imprisonment by husbands and other male relatives (McElroy, 1991). Women had no voice in what was going on around them, to what they wanted their lives to be, or even when it concerned their bodies. In the 19th century, the industrial revolution created a new middle class with wealth from land, trading, and factories. The middle class women took up Marie Gouze's ideals. This sparked the feminist movement. These women were educated, and it was obvious to them that there were rights they were missing. They saw how the men of their class had acquired these rights with the new found wealth. The goals of the Women's Movement in the 19th century were to get the right to vote, to achieve equality in property rights, access to education, access to jobs and fair pay, porce, and children's custody (Manzano, 1999). In the future, I think that for women to act and react out of their own being is to fly in the face of their appointed definition and their prescribed way of living. To move toward authenticity, then, also involves creation, in an immediate and pressing personal way. The whole fabric of ones life begins to change and one sees it in a new light. As one woman puts it, I keep seeing everything with a different meaning now. Most days I feel as if Im adlibbing my way through. I dont follow the script I used to know. For this new and much more intense personal creating, there are no certain guideposts. For some women, there may be anguish and anxiety, but there are also clear satisfactions and joys along the way, even before there is anything like a sense of completion. 2. What do you think are the main sources of homophobia in American culture? What is the situation today in America? regarding homophobia and what do you predict for the future, when and why? In todays society, many people suffer from homophobia due to lack of understanding of homosexuality. Throughout history people have constantly adopted discriminatory attitudes towards others who happen to be different from them. This is similar to the discrimination accorded to other cultures, races and members of lower social classes. The struggle of homosexuals to receive equal treatment is expected to go on, although support from liberals, the scientific and psychological segments of society greatly helps. Contrary to the conservative perspective that homosexuality is a choice, scientists contend that homosexual orientation results from biological, psychological and social factors, and is not a conscious choice that can be voluntarily changed (APA). In fact, many homosexuals, at the time they are beginning to discover their different sexual orientation, fight within themselves and try to change that sexual orientation without success. Indeed, homophobia is based on the prejudice towards those who are different. One of the sources is also the Judaeo-Christian religious tradition that opposes it. From its roots in religion, homophobia has been made into a decree as a law in many states and countries. (Kelly2005). Slowly but surely, gay people are recognizing their different roles in society, not based on their sexual orientation, but based on their inpiduality. In Vivienne Cass model of homosexual identity formation, the final step is identity synthesis, where the inpidual recognizes the support of heterosexuals and does not make sexual identity as the primary factor in relationships with others (Kort, Joe). As homosexuals progress through the coming out process, they realize the significance of their being, and not being fixated on the issue of sexual orientation. In the future, I think that it is true enough that homosexuals continue to face difficulties in gaining acceptance and equal rights as the next straight person, but members of the gay community are succeeding in developing a healthy identity despite all the discrimination surrounding them. There will be a lot of progress to uplift the status of homosexuals and to slowly foster equality, in so far as national legislation and general public perspective are concerned. However, the greater part of the work towards equality lies in homosexuals themselves. It is through their endeavor to be strong role models and be valuable assets to their communities that the stigma coupled with their existence is to be lifted. Major steps and changes would still be necessary before homosexuals are truly accepted into society. Education and information based on scientific and psychological research are key factors for heterosexuals to understand the realities and truth about homosexual orientation. This is seen to most likely lessen the prejudice against homosexuals. While a world without prejudices is still but a vision, homosexuals would do better by confronting the issues within themselves and not focus on what other people think. This would help them be better inpiduals worthy of acceptance in any society. WORKS CITED Buszek, Maria Elena. War Goddess The Varga Girls, WWII and Feminism Issue No.6 1998. Retrieved July 15, 2007 Kelly, Ryan. The Root of Homophobia. 2005. Retrieved July 15, 2007 Kort, Joe. Cass Model of Gay Retrieved July 15, 2007 at: http://www.joekort.com/PDF/cassmodelofidentityformation2.pdf Homophobia. Retrieved July 15, 2007 at: http://www.theocracywatch.org/homophob.htm Manzano, Y. Feminism before the 20th Century. From cwluherstory.com website. 1999. Retrieved July 15, 2007 at: Martignette, Charles and Louis K. Meisel, The Great American Pin-Up, (Spain: Taschen, 1996),16.

Whats a Good PSAT Score for a Junior

What's a Good PSAT Score for a Junior SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The PSAT is an important test on the road to college. Your scorespredict how you'll do on the SAT. Plus, top scorers can earn distinctions and scholarships from the National Merit Scholarship Corporation (NMSC). So how do you know whether your PSAT scores are good? While what counts as a good score variesdepending on your personal goals, we can give a more objective answer to this question by considering PSAT score percentiles.But first, let's review how the PSAT is scored. How Is the PSAT Scored? The PSATisscoredbetween320 and 1520. Math countsfor half thecomposite score with a range of 160-760. The Reading and Writing sections arescored together (and called Evidence-Based Reading and Writing, or EBRW) with that same range, 160-760. Test takers also geta more detailed score report of each section from 8 to 38. There's an easy trick for converting this section score (also called a test score) to a scaled score.For Math, simply multiply your section score by 20.For Reading and Writing, add your section scores together, and then multiply the sum by 10. When you take the PSAT and get your score report back, you'll seepercentilesalong with your scores. By looking at these percentiles, you can determine how competitive your PSAT scores are. In other words, we can answer the question, "What makes a good PSAT score for a junior?" by looking at percentiles. Percentiles compare your section and composite scores with those of other PSAT test takers. If your Math score falls in the 70th percentile, you've scored higher than 70% of test takers. (And the other 30% scored higher than you.)Basically, the higher your percentile is, the better your score will be compared to everyone else's scores. What's a Good PSAT Score for a Junior? We can define a"good" PSAT score as one that's higher than the 75th percentile.This means you scored higher than 75% of all otherPSAT test takers.For juniors, 75th percentile scores are around 570 to 590 in each section, or about 1150 in total. An "OK" PSAT score is one higher than the 50th percentile, which means you scored higher than half of other test takers. An excellent score is a score in the 90th percentile or higher (although a 90th percentile score still isn't high enough to qualify for National Merit, as we discuss more below). The following chart showsthe minimum section and composite scores you'd need to reach the 50th, 75th, 90th, and 99th percentiles on the PSAT. Percentile EBRW Score Math Score Composite Score 50th 510-520 490-500 1000-1010 75th 580-590 570 1150 90th 650-660 640 1280 99th 730 and up 750 and up 1460 and up Source: PSAT/NMSQT Understanding Scores 2018 Based on the info in the chart, a good PSAT score for a junior is a composite score higher than 1150, an OK score is one higher than a 1010, and an excellent score is anything higher than a 1280. What Do PSAT Score Percentiles Mean? To understand how we chose the scores to represent "good," "OK" and "excellent" PSAT scores, and to understand how you can interpret PSAT scores yourself,you'll need to know more about PSAT percentiles. As we mentioned above, percentilesshow where your scores fall in comparison with the scores of other students in your grade.Your PSAT score report will feature lots of score types and data. Among this data, you'll get not one, but two percentiles comparing your scores with those of other students. These percentiles are called the Nationally Representative Percentile and the User Percentile. We'll focus on User Percentiles, which compare all students in a grade who typically take the PSAT. Below is a chart showing 11th grade User Percentiles for the entire range of PSAT scores. This chart is sourced from theCollege Board's 2018 score report, and you can use it to see how your scaled section scores convert to User Percentiles. Score EBRW Percentile Math Percentile 760 99+ 99+ 750 99+ 99 740 99 98 730 99 97 720 98 96 710 97 96 700 96 95 690 95 94 680 94 93 670 93 93 660 91 92 650 89 91 640 88 90 630 86 89 620 84 87 610 81 85 600 79 83 590 76 81 580 73 78 570 70 75 560 67 72 550 63 69 540 60 65 530 56 62 520 53 58 510 49 55 500 46 52 490 43 48 480 39 44 470 36 40 460 33 36 450 31 33 440 28 29 430 25 26 420 22 23 410 20 19 400 17 16 390 15 13 380 12 10 370 10 9 360 8 7 350 6 5 340 5 4 330 3 3 320 2 2 310 2 2 300 1 1 290 1 1 280 1 1 270 1- 1 260 1- 1- 250 and below 1- 1- As you can see, section scores correspond somewhat differently to percentiles. To make it into the 99th percentile on EBRW, for instance, you'd need to score 730 or above, while to hit the 99th percentile on Math, you'd need a near-perfect 750. Why Are PSAT Scores Important to Juniors? There are two main ways that PSAT scores can be important to juniors who take the test. The PSAT’s most obvious purpose is to help high school students be better prepared for the SAT. The PSAT and SAT have many similarities, so by taking the PSAT early on in your junior year, you’ll get an estimate of how well you’d do on the SAT. You can use this information to figure out which areas you need to improve on the most, create a study plan, and set SAT score goals for yourself. However, the PSAT isn’t just a way to help you see how well you score on the SAT; PSAT scores themselves can actually be quite important for juniors. The second reason PSAT scores are important is that, if you score high enough, you could qualify for National Merit and the benefits the program offers. Keep reading to learn more. What's a Good PSAT Scorefor National Merit? For high school juniors who take the PSAT and score very well (in the top 1%), there is the possibility of becoming a National Merit Semifinalist, which can give you a serious leg up when applying to colleges and possibly even lead to scholarships. The National Merit Scholarship Corporation uses its own Selection Index to determine who qualifies as Commended Students and Semifinalists. Students who score in thetop 3-4% on the PSAT are named Commended Scholars, and students who score in the top 1% are named Semifinalists. How do you calculate your Selection Index? Justadd your three PSAT section scores together and multiply by 2. Let's say you got a 30 in Reading, a 28 in Writing and Language, and a 32 in Math. To get your NMSC Selection Index score, add your section scores together: 30 + 28 + 32. Then, multiply the sum by 2. In this case, your Selection Index score would be 180. As you can see in the chart below, a Selection Index score of 180 isn't quite high enough to qualify as a National Merit Semifinalist. Instead, you'll need a Selection Index of 212 or higher, depending onwhere you take the PSAT. To get a good idea of the score you'll need to become a Semifinalist, look at the chart to seethe most recent estimates forstate cutoffs for National Merit Semifinalists. These were used to select Semifinalists from the October 2017 administration of the PSAT. State Selection Index Cutoff Alabama 216 Alaska 215 Arizona 220 Arkansas 214 California 223 Colorado 221 Connecticut 222 Delaware 222 DC 223 Florida 219 Georgia 220 Hawaii 220 Idaho 214 Illinois 221 Indiana 219 Iowa 216 Kansas 218 Kentucky 218 Louisiana 217 Maine 217 Maryland 223 Massachusetts 223 Michigan 219 Minnesota 220 Mississippi 215 Missouri 217 Montana 214 Nebraska 216 Nevada 218 New Hampshire 219 New Jersey 223 New Mexico 215 New York 221 North Carolina 220 North Dakota 212 Ohio 219 Oklahoma 215 Oregon 221 Pennsylvania 220 Rhode Island 220 South Carolina 216 South Dakota 215 Tennessee 219 Texas 221 Utah 215 Vermont 216 Virginia 222 Washington 222 West Virginia 212 Wisconsin 216 Wyoming 212 Average Score 218 As you can see, minimum scores for National Merit vary depending on which state you take the PSAT in. Cutoffsregularly vary a fewpoints between years, so if you haven't taken the PSAT yet and are aiming for National Merit, you should set your target Selection Index about2 to 5 points higher than the predicted cutoff for your state. Bonus: Aiming for a National Merit Scholarship? If you're not sure you can self-study your way to a qualifying PSAT score, you'll love our PSAT prep program, PrepScholar. We designed our program to learn your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics and customize your prep to be as effective as possible for you. When you start with PrepScholar, you’ll take a diagnostic that will determine your weaknesses in over forty PSAT skills. PrepScholar then creates a study program specifically customized for you. To improve each skill, you’ll take focused lessons dedicated to each skill, with over 20 practice questions per skill. This will train you for your specific area weaknesses, so your time is always spent most effectively to raise your score. We also force you to focus on understanding your mistakes and learning from them. If you make the same mistake over and over again, we'll call you out on it. There’s no other prep system out there that does it this way, which is why we get better score results than any other program on the market. Check it out today with a 5-day free trial: For more information on National Merit and how you can maximize your chances of qualifying, check out our guide for everything you need to know about becoming a National Merit Semifinalist. How to Prepare for theSAT After Taking the PSAT You've got your PSAT scores, and now it's time for the next step: taking the SAT. How can you use your PSAT scores and the lessons you learned by taking that test to help you score higher on the SAT?Check out the following four steps in order to be prepared and confident when you take the SAT. Step 1: Set an SAT Score Goal Figuring out your SAT score goal is an important part of preparing for the test, and it can help motivate you by giving you a concrete goal to work toward. To figure out what SAT score you should be aiming for,check out our guide on what a good SAT score is. Basically, you should research the average SAT scores of admitted students for the schools you're interested in applying to. Many schools provide 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles of admitted students. Aiming for the 75th percentile score gives you a good shot at getting in (provided the rest of your application is strong as well), so make a list of the 75th percentile scores of all the schools you're interested in. Then, find the highest score on the list. This is your goal score. If you can meet this score, your SAT scores will likely be high enough for every school you're applying to. Your PSAT scoresgive you an estimate of how well you’d currently score on the SAT and where you need to improve.(Note that PSAT scores only goes up to 1520, while the SAT goes up to 1600, since the PSAT is a less challenging exam than the SAT.)So, if you got a 1350 on the PSAT, you could expect to get around that same score if you took the SAT.This means you can use your PSAT scores to determine how much studying you need to do in order to meet your SAT score goal.However, remember that your PSAT scores don'taccount for improvements you may make while studying for the SAT, which can be significantif you have a smart study plan. Step 2: Identify and Learn From Your Mistakes When you get your PSAT scores back, you'll be able to see how well you scored on each section of the test. Look over this information carefully to see if you can spot any patterns. For example, did you score well on the Math section but struggled on Reading and Writing? Then you should spend more of your SAT study time focusing on Reading and Writing. Learn from your PSAT mistakes so that you can score higher on the SAT. Additionally, every time you take a practice SAT (see step 4), you shouldidentify each of the problems you answered incorrectly. Then, you should take the time to thoroughly understand the answer explanations and walk yourself back through the problems from step one. You can improve your scores a great deal by breaking mistake patterns and recognizing the way the SAT asks similar questions over and over again. Step 3: Create a Study Plan To keep track of when you should be taking practice tests as well as doing other review, you should create a study plan.Mark when you’ll study each week as well as goals you want to achieve every week or month (such as reviewing a particular exam topic or raising your score by a certain number of points). If you start your study plan early, you can space out your prep to consist of just a few hours each week in order to meet your score goal. Then, you can ramp up your studying in the weeks before you take the SAT. Step 4: Take Official, Full-Length Practice Tests Taking timed practice testsis one of the best ways to significantly improve your SAT scores. The College Board has releasedseveral free practice SATs, which are the highest-qualitypractice tests you can take. When you take these practice tests, be sure to take them timed and in one sitting so that you get the most accurate score results and become used to the SAT's length. Also, remember to review the questions you got wrong, the same way you did with your PSAT results, in order to learn from your mistakes. What's Next? Now that you know what makes a good PSAT score, what about on the SAT? Read about good, excellent, and bad SAT scores here. The PSAT is very similar in content and format to the SAT. Check out our complete guide to the SAT.Once you've familiarized yourself withthe test, head over to this guide to learn how to study for the SAT. Once you've gotten your PSAT scores, what do you do next? This article goes over in detail thesteps to take once you've gotten your PSAT scores. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Health Care Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Health Care Ethics - Essay Example Relativism has taken root in the current world society in the sense that an individual is free to commit a wrong deed and easily get away with it. This is as long as he or she can justify his/her actions (Hinderer, chap. 4). A typical example of this scenario is social tolerance towards acts that were strongly condemned in the past. Incidences of social tolerance include homosexuality, the lenient judicial system, pornography, adultery and even fornication. Ethical relativism on the other hand refutes the existence of moral absolutes. It dictates neither morally wrong nor morally right deeds do exist. This theory finds it easier to link the right and wrong deeds to social norms. According to Hinderer (Chapter 4), relativism does not qualify as a basis of professional practice and as an ethical theory. Ethical relativism undermines the influence of morality as a unifying factor in the society. Ethical relativism does not hold the account of an absolute right or wrong. A right or a wro ng can only be established by use of logic, observation, preferences, emotions, experiences and relevant rules. Most cultures if not all perceive vices such as cheating, lying, murder and stealing as evils of the society thus wrong. Whenever an individual goes against such laws then he or she is punished. Moral absolutes such as the Ten Commandments (Christianity) have no changed since (Hinderer, chap. 4). It is interesting to note that none of them depends on social norms yet they are still true. This is to say that laid down rules and doctrines of the various religions find fault in ethical relativism. This theory has also been faulted because considers the right, wrong and the truth as relative. It does not make sense to conclude that certain things are right on the basis of a school of thought by a group of people. A typical example of this scenario was the slave trade where by as much as it was acceptable in the past, the world today does not entertain it. In general, relativis m does not provide for absolute ethics. Ethical relativism on the other hand undermines the existence of God according to the various religious systems in the world (Wear, Bono and McEvoy, 10). It should also be understood that this theory is faulted simply because ethical standards and norms keep changing with time. Relativism becomes false on the basis of an individual’s affiliation to a particular religious system. Personally, it is false since it does not recognize absolute ethical values. On the contrary it is true that many people accept this theory simply because it is not as strict as long as an individual or a group of people can justify a deed, then it is right. This theory offers a comfort zone that is relatively free of condemnation thus an ever increasing following. According to Hinderer (chap. 5), speciesism can be defined as a discriminative gesture by human beings against other species. It can also be defined as the act of putting human beings under privileges and advantages as opposed to animals. As a result, different species have different rights and values. Peter Singer’s arguments, with respect to whether our treatment of animals is speciesist or not, is valid. The fact that animals too share similar moral status with human means that they should be treated right without discrimination. Cruelty spans from factory farming all the way to laboratory tests carried out using animals.